EFEK SUPLEMENTASI ZAT BESI DAN PROBIOTIK TERHADAP MIKROBIOTA USUS DAN KEJADIAN ANEMIA PADA IBU HAMIL
Keywords:
Suplemen/Suplementasi, Zat Besi, Probiotik, Mikrobiota Usus, Anemia, Defisiensi Besi, KehamilanAbstract
Latar Belakang: Anemia merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang umum terjadi pada ibu hamil. Suplementasi zat besi adalah zat besi tambahan yang diberikan sebagai tambahan nutrisi, probiotik adalah mikroorganisme hidup yang memberikaan manfaat kesehatan, terutama pada saluran cerna yang didapatkan melalui makanan yang mengandung probiotik maupun suplemen. Tujuan: Mengetahui efek dari suplementasi zat besi dan probiotik terhadap mikrobiota usus dan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil. Metode: Systematic-narrative literature review mengikuti pedoman PRISMA 2020. Sumber data meliputi ScienceDirect, Pubmed, Cochrane serta prosiding dan disertasi dengan periode publikasi 2020–2025. Artikel dinilai berdasarkan kualitas metodologi, relevansinya dengan pemberian suplemen zat besi dan probiotik terhadap kadar zat besi dan mikrobiota usus, terutama pada ibu hamil. Analisis tematik dilakukan untuk menyintesis bukti terkini. Hasil: Beberapa studi menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi zat besi memberikan manfaat signifikan terhadap kadar zat besi pada ibu hamil, namun dapat menyebabkan efek samping gastrointestinal dan ketidakseimbangan mikrobiota usus. Suplementasi probiotik dapat meminimalisir efek tersebut dan mengoptimalkan penyerapan zat besi serta berperan dalam imunitas saluran cerna. Kesimpulan: Suplementasi zat besi dan probiotik memberikan efek positif terhadap peningkatan kadar zat besi dan kesehatan saluran cerna pada ibu hamil dengan anemia.
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