Karakteristik Pasien Nyeri Dada di Puskesmas Belawa Tahun 2025
Keywords:
Nyeri dada, Layanan kesehatan primer, Penyakit kardiovaskular, Puskesmas pedesaanAbstract
Latar belakang: Nyeri dada merupakan keluhan yang sering ditemukan di layanan kesehatan primer dengan spektrum etiologi yang luas dan potensi keterlibatan kondisi kardiovaskular. Informasi mengenai karakteristik pasien nyeri dada di fasilitas layanan primer pedesaan masih terbatas, padahal data tersebut diperlukan untuk menggambarkan pola kasus yang ditangani dalam praktik pelayanan rutin.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan karakteristik demografi dan klinis pasien dengan keluhan nyeri dada di puskesmas pedesaan selama tahun 2025.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medis elektronik. Seluruh pasien dengan diagnosis nyeri dada berdasarkan kode ICD-10 (I20.x dan R07.x) selama periode Januari–Desember 2025 diikutsertakan melalui metode total sampling. Variabel yang dianalisis meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, indeks massa tubuh, tekanan darah, faktor risiko perilaku, diagnosis klinis, serta penatalaksanaan awal. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif.
Hasil: Sebanyak 19 pasien dianalisis dengan rerata usia 52,1 ± 18,6 tahun dan median 54,9 tahun (rentang 19,5–90,5 tahun), dengan 78,9% berusia ≥40 tahun. Distribusi jenis kelamin relatif seimbang antara laki-laki (52,6%) dan perempuan (47,4%). Sebagian besar pasien memiliki status gizi normal (68,4%) dan tekanan darah dalam batas normal (73,7%), sedangkan 21,1% termasuk kategori prehipertensi. Faktor risiko perilaku tidak tercatat dalam rekam medis. Sebagian besar diagnosis merupakan kondisi kardiak, yaitu angina pectoris atau unstable angina (63,2%), sedangkan 36,8% merupakan nyeri dada non-spesifik.
Kesimpulan: Profil pasien nyeri dada di puskesmas pedesaan tahun 2025 didominasi oleh kelompok usia ≥40 tahun dengan proporsi diagnosis kardiak yang cukup besar. Temuan ini mencerminkan karakteristik kasus yang ditangani berdasarkan data pelayanan rutin di satu fasilitas layanan kesehatan primer. Interpretasi hasil perlu mempertimbangkan keterbatasan jumlah sampel, penggunaan data sekunder rekam medis, dan pelaksanaan penelitian pada satu fasilitas. Penelitian dengan cakupan yang lebih luas diperlukan untuk memperoleh gambaran yang lebih komprehensif.
References
Guo W, Sylvia S, Umble K, Chen Y, Zhang X, Yi H. The competence of village clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease in rural China: A nationally representative assessment. Lancet Reg Heal - West Pacific. 2020;2.
Heneghan C, Glasziou P, Thompson M, et al. Diagnostic strategies used in primary care. Bmj. 2009;338(apr20 1):b946-b946.
T. N, J. Y, J. SJ, et al. Implementation and evaluation of a rural general practice assessment pathway for possible cardiac chest pain using point-of-care troponin testing: A pilot study. BMJ Open. 2022;12(4):e044801.
Bösner S, Haasenritter J, Abu Hani M, et al. Accuracy of general practitioners’ assessment of chest pain patients for coronary heart disease in primary care: cross-sectional study with follow-up. Croat Med J. 2010;51(3):243-249.
Miller R, Nixon G, Pickering JW, et al. A prospective multi-centre study assessing the safety and effectiveness following the implementation of an accelerated chest pain pathway using point-of-care troponin for use in New Zealand rural hospital and primary care settings. Eur Hear J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2022;11(5):418-427.
Johnson Ken, Ghasemzadeh Sasán. Chest Pain(Archived). Man Pediatr Card Care Vol 1, Second Ed. 2022;1:387-389.
Roche T, Gardner G, Lewis P. Retrospective observational study of patients who present to Australian rural emergency departments with undifferentiated chest pain. Aust J Rural Health. 2014;22(5):229-234.
MacKinney AC, Mohr NM. Chest Pain in a Rural Hospital. Patient Saf Netw. 2018.
Williams K-L, Crocker P, Dubrowski A. Chest Pain on the Ward: A Simulation Scenario for Rural Family and Emergency Medicine Trainees. Cureus. 2020.
Shen C, Li C, Wang J, et al. In-depth look into urban and rural disparities in prehospital delay in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction and its impact on prognosis: a prospective observational study. BMJ Open. 2022;12(11).
Loccoh EC, Joynt Maddox KE, Wang Y, Kazi DS, Yeh RW, Wadhera RK. Rural-Urban Disparities in Outcomes of Myocardial Infarction, Heart Failure, and Stroke in the United States. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;79(3):267-279.
Karlson BW, Karlsson T, Kalin B, Svensson L, Zehlertz E, Herlitz J. Patients admitted to the emergency department with acute chest pain--is there a difference between patients in an urban and a rural area? Eur J Emerg Med. 2000;7(4):277-286.
Hoorweg BBN, Willemsen RTA, Cleef LE, et al. Frequency of chest pain in primary care, diagnostic tests performed and final diagnoses. Heart. 2017;103(21):1727-1732.
Mateen S, Masakputra V, Siddiqi Z, Fatima J. Incidence, Pattern, Causes, and Outcome of Acute Chest Pain Among Patients Presenting in the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India. Cureus. 2024.
Bösner S, Becker A, Haasenritter J, et al. Chest pain in primary care: Epidemiology and pre-work-up probabilities. Eur J Gen Pract. 2009;15(3):141-146.
Buch V, Ralph H, Salas J, Hauptman PJ, Davis D, Scherrer JF. Chest Pain, Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk, and Cardiology Referral in Primary Care. J Prim Care Community Heal. 2018;9.
Cheng K, Zheng W, Wang J, et al. Incidence, management and outcomes of patients with acute chest pain presenting to the emergency departments in China: findings from a prospective multicentre registry. BMJ Open. 2025;15(3).
Geyser M, Smith S. Chest Pain Prevalence, Causes, And Disposition In The Emergency Department Of A Regional Hospital In Pretoria. African J Prim Heal Care Fam Med. 2021;8(1).
Clerc Liaudat C, Vaucher P, De Francesco T, et al. Sex/gender bias in the management of chest pain in ambulatory care. Women’s Heal. 2018;14.
Baljepally VS, Wilson DC. Gender-Based Disparities in Rural Versus Urban Patients Undergoing Cardiac Procedures. Cureus. 2021.
Bösner S, Haasenritter J, Hani MA, et al. Gender bias revisited: New insights on the differential management of chest pain. BMC Fam Pract. 2011;12.
M.G. VDM, Y. A, K.H.G. R, et al. Are there gender disparities in symptom presentation or triage of patients with chest discomfort at primary care out-of-hours services? An observational study. BMJ Open. 2019;9(11).
Meshram II, Sunu P V., Sreeramakrishna K, et al. Cardiometabolic risk factors among adults in rural, urban, and urban slum population in eight states of India. Indian Heart J. 2025;77(5):337-347.
McMurray RG, Harrell JS, Bangdiwala SI, Deng S. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and obesity of rural and urban elementary school children. J Rural Heal. 1999;15(4):365-374.
Li Z, Guo X, Zheng L, et al. Prehypertension in rural northeastern China: Results from the Northeast China rural cardiovascular health study. J Clin Hypertens. 2014;16(9):664-670.
Huang Y, Wang S, Cai X, et al. Prehypertension and incidence of cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis. BMC Med. 2013;11(1):1-9.
Han M, Li Q, Liu L, et al. Prehypertension and risk of cardiovascular diseases: A meta-Analysis of 47 cohort studies. J Hypertens. 2019;37(12):2325-2332.
Liszka HA, Mainous AG, King DE, Everett CJ, Egan BM. Prehypertension and cardiovascular morbidity. Ann Fam Med. 2005;3(4):294-299.
Huang Y, Cai X, Liu C, et al. Prehypertension and the risk of coronary heart disease in Asian and Western populations: a meta-analysis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2015;4(2).
Zhao L, Meng X, Zhang Q-Y, Dong X-Q, Zhou X-L. A narrative review of prehypertension and the cardiovascular system: effects and potential pathogenic mechanisms. Ann Transl Med. 2021;9(2):170-170.
Niyibizi JB, Ntawuyirushintege S, Nganabashaka JP, et al. Community Health Worker-Led Cardiovascular Disease Risk Screening and Referral for Care and Further Management in Rural and Urban Communities in Rwanda. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(9).
Hosang S, Kithulegoda N, Ivers N. Documentation of Behavioral Health Risk Factors in a Large Academic Primary Care Clinic. J Prim Care Community Heal. 2022;13.
Roche TE, Gardner G, Lewis PA. Effectiveness of an emergency nurse practitioner service for adults presenting to rural hospitals with chest pain: Protocol for a multicentre, longitudinal nested cohort study. BMJ Open. 2015;5(2).
T. B, S. M, C. M-G, S. B. Chest pain in rural communities; balancing decisions and distance. EMA - Emerg Med Australas. 2011;23(3):337-345.
Bellicini MG, Shams P. Chest Pain: Evaluation and Exclusion of Myocardial Infarction and Angina. StatPearls. 2025.
Ricci D, Schmitt H, Ngov H, et al. Enhancing Primary Care Capacity for Cardiovascular Disease Management Through the ECHO+ Model: A Multistate Rural Collaboration Among West Virginia, Arkansas, and Oklahoma. J Prim Care Community Heal. 2025;16.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Irma Rusnu (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
