Literature Review : Penerapan Workplace Wellness Programs Dalam Meningkatkan Kesehatan Mental Dan Fisik Pekerja
Keywords:
Fisik, Mental, Pekerja, Workplace Wellness ProgramAbstract
Latar Belakang: Peningkatan prevalensi penyakit tidak menular serta tingginya tingkat stres kerja mendorong perusahaan mengadopsi Workplace Wellness Programs (WWP) sebagai strategi promotif dan preventif untuk meningkatkan kesehatan fisik dan mental pekerja. Walaupun penerapannya semakin luas, bukti ilmiah menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas WWP terhadap outcome kesehatan, produktivitas, dan pengeluaran medis masih bervariasi. Hal ini menegaskan perlunya evaluasi komprehensif berdasarkan literatur terbaru.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis secara naratif dampak WWP terhadap kesehatan mental dan fisik pekerja, termasuk perubahan perilaku sehat, penurunan gejala psikologis, serta hasil klinis dan ekonomi.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode narrative literature review dengan menelaah jurnal internasional dan nasional, Clinical Key, sitasi Fakultas Kedokteran UMI, serta textbook dan proceeding book yang relevan. Kriteria inklusi mencakup publikasi tahun 2020–2025 yang meneliti penerapan WWP pada pekerja dewasa. Artikel yang terbit sebelum 2020, tidak sesuai topik, tidak tersedia dalam bentuk full text, atau menggunakan metode penelitian yang tidak memadai dikeluarkan. Dari 136 literatur yang diidentifikasi, 20 artikel memenuhi kriteria dan dianalisis secara kualitatif.
Hasil: Hasil review menunjukkan bahwa WWP berkontribusi positif terhadap peningkatan perilaku hidup sehat seperti aktivitas fisik, pola makan, dan persepsi kesehatan. Program yang fokus pada kesehatan mental termasuk manajemen stres dan dukungan organisasi secara konsisten menurunkan burnout, stres, dan ansietas serta meningkatkan well-being. Beberapa studi juga melaporkan return on investment (ROI) yang menguntungkan. Namun, dampak terhadap parameter klinis objektif seperti biomarker metabolik, status kardiometabolik, dan pengeluaran medis masih bervariasi dan relatif kecil dalam jangka pendek.
Kesimpulan: WWP terbukti bermanfaat bagi kesehatan mental dan perilaku sehat pekerja, tetapi efektivitas klinis dan ekonomi jangka panjang memerlukan program yang lebih intensif, partisipasi tinggi, serta desain intervensi multikomponen. Penelitian uji klinis jangka panjang tetap diperlukan untuk memperkuat bukti efektivitas WWP.
References
Song Z, Baicker K. Effect of a Workplace Wellness Program on Employee Health and Economic Outcomes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association. 2019 Apr 16;321(15):1491–501.
Halpern SD, French B, Small DS, Saulsgiver K, Harhay MO, Audrain-McGovern J, et al. Randomized Trial of Four Financial-Incentive Programs for Smoking Cessation. New England Journal of Medicine. 2015 May 28;372(22):2108–17.
Jones D, Molitor D, Reif J. What do workplace wellness programs do? Evidence from the Illinois workplace wellness study. Quarterly Journal of Economics. 2019 Nov 1;134(4):1747–91.
Reif J, Chan D, Jones D, Payne L, Molitor D. Effects of a Workplace Wellness Program on Employee Health, Health Beliefs, and Medical Use: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2020 Jul 1;180(7):952–60.
Cohen C, Pignata S, Bezak E, Tie M, Childs J. Workplace interventions to improve well-being and reduce burnout for nurses, physicians and allied healthcare professionals: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2023 Jun 29;13(6).
Marin-Farrona M, Wipfli B, Thosar SS, Colino E, Garcia-Unanue J, Gallardo L, et al. Effectiveness of worksite wellness programs based on physical activity to improve workers’ health and productivity: a systematic review. Vol. 12, Systematic Reviews. BioMed Central Ltd; 2023.
Sandercock V, Andrade J. Evaluation of Worksite Wellness Nutrition and Physical Activity Programs and Their Subsequent Impact on Participants’ Body Composition. Vol. 2018, Journal of Obesity. Hindawi Limited; 2018.
Bezzina A, Ashton L, Watson T, James CL. Workplace wellness programs targeting weight outcomes in men: A scoping review. Vol. 23, Obesity Reviews. John Wiley and Sons Inc; 2022.
Rezai R, SantaBarbara N, Almirol E, Shedd K, Terry E, Park M, et al. Efficacy and costs of a workplace wellness programme. Occup Med (Chic Ill). 2020 Dec 1;70(9):649–55.
Bondar J, Babich Morrow C, Gueorguieva R, Brown M, Hawrilenko M, Krystal JH, et al. Clinical and Financial Outcomes Associated with a Workplace Mental Health Program before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Jun 9;5(6):E2216349.
Thonon F, Godon-Rensonnet AS, Perozziello A, Garsi JP, Dab W, Emsalem P. Return on investment of workplace-based prevention interventions: A systematic review. Vol. 33, European Journal of Public Health. Oxford University Press; 2023. p. 612–8.
Murphy B, Parekh N, Vieira DL, O’Connor JA. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials examining workplace wellness interventions. Vol. 28, Nutrition and Health. SAGE Publications Ltd; 2022. p. 111–22.
Arnold L, Harris K, Weale V. A scoping review of workplace health promotion interventions for chronic diseases in Australia. Vol. 65, Journal of Occupational Health. John Wiley and Sons Inc; 2023.
Unsal N, Gracielee Weaver ;, Bray J, Bibeau D. A Scoping Review of Economic Evaluations of Workplace Wellness Programs. Vol. 00, Public Health Reports. 2021.
Woodard KT, Bailey AM, Esagoff AI, Fragala MS, Hayward JI, Hunter JL, et al. A population health approach to workplace mental health: rationale, implementation and engagement. Front Public Health. 2024;12.
Hurtado DA, Boyd J, Madjlesi R, Greenspan SA, Ezekiel-Herrera D, Potgieter G, et al. The Work-life Check-ins randomized controlled trial: A leader-based adaptive, semi-structured burnout intervention in primary care clinics. Contemp Clin Trials. 2024 Aug 1;143.
Javanmardi S, Rappelt L, Zangenberg S, Heinke L, Baumgart C, Niederer D, et al. Effectiveness of workplace health promotion programs for industrial workers: a systematic review. Vol. 25, BMC Public Health. BioMed Central Ltd; 2025.
Journal of Medical Internet Research - Digital Wellness Programs in the Workplace_ Meta-Review. 2015;
Cacciari M. NOMES DE LUGAR: CONFIM. Source: Revista de Letras. 2015;45(1):13–22.
Song Z, Baicker K. Health and economic outcomes up to three years after a workplace wellness program: A randomized controlled trial. Health Aff. 2021 Jun 1;40(6):951–60.
Zhang S, Nie M, Peng J, Ren H. Effectiveness of Physical Activity-Led Workplace Health Promotion Interventions: A Systematic Review. Vol. 13, Healthcare (Switzerland). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI); 2025.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Muzammilia Nadraini, Imran Safei, Ham Fransiskus Susanto (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
