Peran Tenaga Kesehatan dalam Penanganan Penyakit Degeneratif pada Lansia di Puskesmas Negeri Lama: Sebuah Studi Kasus
Keywords:
Lansia, Penyakit Degeneratif, Peran Tenaga Kesehatan, Puskesmas, Studi KasusAbstract
Pendahuluan: Populasi lansia di Indonesia meningkat pesat, diikuti oleh peningkatan prevalensi penyakit degeneratif. Puskesmas sebagai fasilitas kesehatan primer memiliki peran krusial, namun seringkali menghadapi keterbatasan sumber daya, terutama di daerah terpencil seperti Puskesmas Negeri Lama, Kabupaten Labuhanbatu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara mendalam peran tenaga kesehatan serta tantangan dan dampaknya dalam penanganan penyakit degeneratif pada lansia.
Metode: Penelitian kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus ini dilakukan pada September-Desember 2025. Tujuh informan dipilih secara purposive sampling, terdiri dari petugas rekam medis, petugas klaster lansia (perawat dan dokter), apoteker, dan ahli gizi. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam semi-terstruktur, observasi, dan triangulasi. Analisis data menggunakan model analisis tematik.
Hasil Penelitian: Tenaga kesehatan menjalankan peran kuratif terintegrasi (anamnesis, pemeriksaan KGD/tekanan darah, pemberian obat seperti amlodipin dan metformin) dan peran preventif (skrining rutin via aplikasi E-pus/P-care, penyuluhan pola hidup sehat, konseling gizi). Tantangan utama meliputi karakteristik lansia (susah komunikasi, rendahnya pemahaman), hambatan struktural (jalan rusak, banjir, jarak tempuh jauh, kekosongan obat dari Dinkes), dan keterbatasan fasilitas. Pola komunikasi yang digunakan adalah komunikasi terapeutik dengan adaptasi bahasa sederhana, kesabaran, dan pelibatan keluarga. Dampak positif terlihat pada pengendalian penyakit dan dukungan sosial-emosional, namun terhambat oleh diskontinuitas pengobatan dan keterbatasan akses.
Kesimpulan: Peran tenaga kesehatan di Puskesmas Negeri Lama bersifat komprehensif namun menghadapi tantangan signifikan. Diperlukan penguatan sistem logistik obat, pelatihan geriatri berkelanjutan, dan inovasi layanan seperti kunjungan rumah terstruktur untuk mengatasi hambatan geografis dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup lansia.
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