A Systematic Review of Risk Factor and Epidemiology of Cerebral Palsy

Sherly; Ronald

A Systematic Review of Risk Factor and Epidemiology of Cerebral Palsy

Authors

Sherly Faculty of Medicine, Atma Jaya Catholic University, Special Region of Jakarta, Indonesia
Ronald Faculty of Medicine, Tarumanagara University, Special Region of Jakarta, Indonesia

Keywords:

Cerebral palsy, neurodevelopment, disorder, brain, muscle

Abstract

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP), a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by abnormalities in muscle tone, movement, and motor skills, is a common name attributed to developing brain damage. Although its clinical features are evident in the first years of life, the diagnosis of specific CP can be made after the period of 3 to 5 ages. Methods: This systematic review focused on full-text English literature published between 2014 and 2024 using the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Editorials and review pieces published in the same journal as the submission without a DOI were not accepted. The literature was compiled using Medline, Science Direct, Scopus and Embase, among other online venues. Result: Five publications were found to be directly related to our ongoing systematic examination after a rigorous three-level screening approach. Subsequently, a comprehensive analysis of the complete text was conducted, and additional scrutiny was given to these articles. Conclusion: The high prevalence of CP, the low level of education among women, the inequalities in the distribution of income levels between regions, and the high level of consanguineous marriages in our country, especially in some regions.

References

Chen D, Huang M, Yin Y, Gui D, Gu Y, Zhuang T, et al. Risk factors of cerebral palsy in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transl Pediatr [Internet]. 2022 Apr;11(4):556–64. Available from: https://tp.amegroups.com/article/view/93493/html

Graham HK, Rosenbaum P, Paneth N, Dan B, Lin JP, Damiano DL, et al. Cerebral palsy. Nat Rev Dis Prim [Internet]. 2016 Jan 7;2(1):15082. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/nrdp201582

Sadowska M, Sarecka-Hujar B, Kopyta I. Cerebral palsy: Current opinions on definition, epidemiology, risk factors, classification and treatment options. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2020;16:1505–18.

Gonzalez NA, Sanivarapu RR, Osman U, Latha Kumar A, Sadagopan A, Mahmoud A, et al. Physical Therapy Interventions in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2023;15(8):1–8.

Morgan P, McGinley JL. Cerebral palsy [Internet]. 1st ed. Vol. 159, Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Elsevier B.V.; 2018. 323–336 p. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63916-5.00020-3

McIntyre S, Goldsmith S, Webb A, Ehlinger V, Hollung SJ, McConnell K, et al. Global prevalence of cerebral palsy: A systematic analysis. Dev Med Child Neurol [Internet]. 2022 Dec 11;64(12):1494–506. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dmcn.15346

Başaran A, Kilinç Z, Sari H, Gündüz E. Etiological risk factors in children with cerebral palsy. Med (United States). 2023;102(15):1–5.

Bufteac Gincota E, Jahnsen R, Spinei L, Andersen GL. Risk factors for cerebral palsy in Moldova. Med. 2021;57(6):1–15.

Yuan J, Wang J, Jieqiong MA, Zhu D, Zhang Z, Li J. Paediatric cerebral palsy prevalence and high-risk factors in Henan Province, central China. J Rehabil Med. 2019;51(1):47–53.

Gowda VK, Kumar A, Shivappa SK, Srikanteswara PK, Shivananda S, Mahadeviah MS, et al. Clinical profile, predisposing factors, and associated co-morbidities of children with cerebral palsy in South India. J Pediatr Neurosci. 2015;10(2):108–13.

Hoei-Hansen CE, Weber L, Johansen M, Fabricius R, Hansen JK, Viuff ACF, et al. Cerebral Palsy – Early Diagnosis and Intervention Trial: protocol for the prospective multicentre CP-EDIT study with focus on diagnosis, prognostic factors, and intervention. BMC Pediatr [Internet]. 2023;23(1):1–14. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-04312-7

Chin EM, Gwynn HE, Robinson S, Hoon AH. Principles of Medical and Surgical Treatment of Cerebral Palsy. Neurol Clin. 2020;38(2):397–416.

Zhao M, Dai H, Deng Y, Zhao L. SGA as a risk factor for cerebral palsy in moderate to late preterm infants: A system review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2016;6(November):1–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep38853

Patel DR, Neelakantan M, Pandher K, Merrick J. Cerebral palsy in children: A clinical overview. Transl Pediatr. 2020;9(1):S125–35.

Te Velde A, Morgan C, Novak I, Tantsis E, Badawi N. Early diagnosis and classification of cerebral palsy: An historical perspective and barriers to an early diagnosis. J Clin Med. 2019;8(10):1–13.

Paul S, Nahar A, Bhagawati M, Kunwar AJ. A Review on Recent Advances of Cerebral Palsy. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022;2022.

Kirsten Vitrikas, Heather Dalton. Cerebral Palsy: An Overview. 2020;101.

Basoya S, Kumar S, Wanjari A. Cerebral Palsy: A Narrative Review on Childhood Disorder. Cureus. 2023;15(3):1–9.

Tegegne K. Determinants of cerebral palsy in children: systematic review. Sudan J Paediatr. 2023;23(2):126–44.

Palomo-Carrión R, Romay-Barrero H, Pinero-Pinto E, Romero-Galisteo RP, López-Muñoz P, Martínez-Galán I. Early intervention in unilateral cerebral palsy: Let’s listen to the families! what are their desires and perspectives? a preliminary family-researcher co-design study. Children. 2021;8(9).

A Systematic Review of Risk Factor and Epidemiology of Cerebral Palsy