HUBUNGAN ASUPAN MIKRONUTRIEN MATERNAL SELAMA MASA KEHAMILAN DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA ANAK: LITERATUR REVIEW
Keywords:
mikronutrien maternal, kehamilan, stunting, nutrisi prenatal, anakAbstract
Stunting merupakan masalah gizi kronis yang masih menjadi tantangan kesehatan global, terutama di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Salah satu faktor penting yang berkontribusi terhadap kejadian stunting adalah asupan mikronutrien maternal selama masa kehamilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan asupan mikronutrien maternal selama kehamilan dengan kejadian stunting pada anak berdasarkan literatur terbaru. Metode yang digunakan adalah literature review dengan menelaah artikel nasional dan internasional tahun 2021–2025 yang diperoleh melalui database Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan SpringerLink. Hasil telaah menunjukkan bahwa defisiensi zat besi, zinc, asam folat, vitamin D, vitamin A, dan iodium selama kehamilan berhubungan signifikan dengan gangguan pertumbuhan intrauterin, berat badan lahir rendah, prematuritas, dan peningkatan risiko stunting pada anak. Faktor lain seperti kurangnya keragaman pangan, rendahnya pengetahuan ibu, serta kondisi psikososial maternal juga berkontribusi terhadap kejadian stunting. Intervensi yang paling efektif meliputi suplementasi mikronutrien, edukasi gizi, diversifikasi pangan, dan optimalisasi antenatal care. Dengan demikian, pemenuhan kebutuhan mikronutrien maternal selama kehamilan merupakan langkah penting dalam pencegahan stunting dan peningkatan kualitas kesehatan ibu serta anak.
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