GAMBARAN KARAKTERISTIK DAN POLA PELAYANAN PASIEN SKIZOFRENIA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KEBON PALA

GAMBARAN KARAKTERISTIK DAN POLA PELAYANAN PASIEN SKIZOFRENIA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KEBON PALA

Authors

  • Agustina Tiaradita Puskesmas Pembantu Kebon Pala, Makasar, Jakarta Timur, Indonesia
  • Minarsih Wahyuningtyas Puskesmas Pembantu Kebon Pala, Makasar, Jakarta Timur, Indonesia

Keywords:

skizofrenia, kesehatan jiwa komunitas, kesinambungan pelayanan, kesenjangan pengobatan, puskesmas

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Skizofrenia merupakan gangguan psikotik kronik yang menuntut pelayanan berkesinambungan berbasis komunitas. Data karakteristik pasien dan pola pelayanan pada tingkat wilayah terkecil (rukun warga, RW) di layanan primer perkotaan Indonesia masih terbatas.

Tujuan: Menggambarkan karakteristik sosiodemografik, distribusi geografis per RW, pola pemanfaatan pelayanan, dan kesinambungan pelayanan pasien skizofrenia di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kebon Pala.

Metode: Penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan pendekatan retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder register pasien F20 (ICD-10) Puskesmas Kebon Pala untuk 12 RW, dengan tanggal penutupan data 18 September 2026. Seluruh entri yang memenuhi kriteria dianalisis (total sampling). Kesinambungan pelayanan didefinisikan sebagai teratur (kunjungan terakhir ≤90 hari), tidak teratur (>90 hari), dan tidak berobat. Analisis mencakup proporsi dengan IK95% Wilson, uji kesesuaian χ², koefisien Gini, uji permutasi Monte Carlo, dan analisis sensitivitas ambang 30–365 hari.

Hasil: Dari 85 entri, 80 pasien dianalisis. Laki-laki mendominasi (63,8%; rasio 1,76:1; uji binomial p = 0,018), rerata usia 44,6 ± 14,3 tahun dengan kelompok terbanyak 26–35 tahun (25,3%), dan mayoritas berpendidikan SLTA (73,8%). RW 10 (16,3%), RW 4 (13,8%), dan RW 5 (11,3%) menampung 41,3% pasien (Gini 0,273; χ² = 19,30; p = 0,056). Sebanyak 88,8% pasien dirujuk ke 11 rumah sakit, 5,0% berobat di Puskesmas, dan 6,3% tidak berobat. Kontrol teratur hanya 53,8% (IK95% 42,9–64,3); 40,0% tidak teratur, sehingga kebutuhan pelayanan yang belum terpenuhi mencapai 46,3%. Proporsi kontrol teratur bervariasi 0–71% antar-RW; enam RW (1, 4, 7, 9, 11, 12) diklasifikasikan prioritas tinggi dan menampung seluruh pasien tidak berobat.

Kesimpulan: Pasien skizofrenia di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kebon Pala didominasi laki-laki usia produktif berpendidikan menengah, terkonsentrasi moderat pada beberapa RW, sangat bergantung pada layanan rujukan, dan hampir separuhnya mengalami diskontinuitas atau kesenjangan pengobatan. Pemetaan berbasis RW mendukung penguatan kader kesehatan jiwa, kunjungan rumah, edukasi keluarga, dan pemantauan terstruktur.

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2026-09-21

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GAMBARAN KARAKTERISTIK DAN POLA PELAYANAN PASIEN SKIZOFRENIA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KEBON PALA (Agustina Tiaradita & Minarsih Wahyuningtyas , Trans.). (2026). The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine, 44(1), 873-920. https://doi.org/10.70070/p2txvm68