TINJAUAN SISTEMATIS KOMPREHENSIF EFIKASI PENGGUNAAN INJEKSI ASAM HIALURONAT PADA PEREMAJAAN KULIT WAJAH
Keywords:
hyaluronic acid, skin booster, peremajaan kulit, kualitas kulit, biorevitalization, injeksi intradermalAbstract
Pendahuluan: Skin booster berbasis hyaluronic acid (HA) intradermal kini menjadi salah satu prosedur minimally invasive yang paling banyak dilakukan untuk peremajaan kulit wajah, namun bukti efikasinya tersebar pada formulasi, desain, dan outcome yang sangat heterogen. Tinjauan ini bertujuan menilai secara komprehensif efikasi dan keamanan injeksi HA pada peremajaan kulit wajah, dengan prioritas pada uji klinis terbaru (2023–2026).
Metode: Tinjauan sistematis mengikuti PRISMA 2020. Kriteria inklusi: randomized controlled trial (RCT), cohort, case-control, cross-sectional, serta studi observasional prospektif/retrospektif pada dewasa yang menerima injeksi HA intradermal/subdermal superfisial pada wajah untuk indikasi kualitas kulit.
Hasil: Sebanyak 23 studi primer (12 RCT; 11 non-randomisasi; 2.285 partisipan pada 21 studi yang melaporkan besar sampel) memenuhi kriteria; 15 di antaranya (65,2%) terbit pada 2025–2026. Injeksi HA meningkatkan proporsi responder perbaikan estetik/kualitas kulit global secara bermakna dibandingkan kontrol (RR 22,66; IK 95% 13,66–37,59; Z = 12,09; p < 0,00001; I² = 0%; HKSJ 13,42–38,27; p = 0,0003), dengan RD 0,80 (IK 95% 0,66–0,94; number needed to treat ≈ 2). Proporsi responder gabungan pada lengan HA 89,7% (IK 95% 68,8–97,2%) versus respons spontan kontrol 3,8% (2,3–6,2%). Analisis eksploratif menunjukkan perbaikan kerutan (SMD 1,44; IK 95% 1,11–1,77; p < 0,00001). Secara vote counting, perbaikan bermakna dilaporkan untuk hidrasi (17/18 studi), global aesthetic improvement (14/15), elastisitas (11/14), firmness (7/7), kerutan (10/12), tekstur (8/9), radiance (5/5), pori (4/4), transepidermal water loss (6/6), dan warna kulit (6/7). Tidak dilaporkan serious adverse event pada 22 studi yang melaporkan keamanan; efek samping tersering berupa memar titik, eritema, dan edema transien. Satu RCT sham-controlled dengan satu sesi tidak menunjukkan superioritas. Sensitivitas analisis konsisten; uji Egger tidak bermakna (p = 0,78) namun underpowered.
Kesimpulan: Injeksi HA intradermal efektif dan aman untuk peremajaan kulit wajah, terutama untuk memperbaiki kualitas kulit global dan hidrasi, dengan protokol optimal tiga sesi berjarak 3–4 minggu. Diperlukan RCT independen, head-to-head antarformulasi, dengan outcome terstandar, populasi Asia Tenggara/Fitzpatrick IV–V, dan follow-up ≥ 12 bulan.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Maria Goreti Rizky Ayu Puspita, Barnabas Ricko Wijaya, Bonifasius Rommy Vito Kusuma, Desi Oktarina, Dulifea Kristin, Juliana Widyastuti Wahyuningsih, Fatmawati (Author)
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